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Table of Contents
- Deconstructing a Winning MUN Resolution
- The Four Core Components
- Key Components of a MUN Resolution
- Building the Foundation with Preambulatory Clauses
- Setting the Stage for Action
- Connecting the ‘Why’ to the ‘What’
- Crafting Actionable and Realistic Operative Clauses
- From Vague Ideas to Concrete Actions
- The Power of Sub-Clauses and Sub-Sub-Clauses
- Staying Grounded in Reality
- Getting the Language and Format Right
- Nailing the Punctuation
- Choosing Your Words with Precision
- Navigating Caucusing and Resolution Mergers
- The Art of the Merger
- From Draft to Debate
- Frequently Asked Questions About Writing Resolutions
- Sponsors vs. Signatories: What's the Right Number?
- Friendly vs. Unfriendly Amendments
- Should I Create a New UN Body?

Deconstructing a Winning MUN Resolution
The Four Core Components
- The Heading: This is the non-negotiable part at the very top. It clearly states the committee, the topic being discussed, the sponsors (the delegates who wrote it), and the signatories (delegates who support debating it). This is your resolution's official ID card.
- Preambulatory Clauses: These clauses answer the "why" question. They set the scene by using italicized phrases like Recalling, Affirming, or Deeply concerned by. Their job is to provide historical background, reference past UN actions or international laws, and highlight why the problem is so urgent. Crucially, they don't propose any new action.
- Operative Clauses: This is the core of your resolution—it’s the "what." Each clause kicks off with a bolded, underlined action verb like Urges, Recommends, or Decides, and it lays out a specific, concrete step. This is where you put your bloc's innovative solutions on the table.
A classic rookie mistake is writing operative clauses that are way too generic. A clause like "Calls for peace" sounds nice, but it does absolutely nothing. You have to be specific: "Requests the deployment of 500 additional peacekeepers to the northern border region, to be funded by the Central Emergency Response Fund."

Key Components of a MUN Resolution
Component | Purpose | Example Phrase Starter |
Heading | Identifies the resolution's committee, topic, and authors (sponsors & signatories). | Committee: The General Assembly |
Preambulatory Clauses | Provide context, background, and justification for action. | Recalling previous resolutions... |
Operative Clauses | Outline the specific actions and solutions being proposed. | Recommends that all member states... |
Building the Foundation with Preambulatory Clauses

Setting the Stage for Action
- Past UN Resolutions: Citing previous actions shows you've done your homework and respect the UN's body of work. A clause like, "Reaffirming General Assembly Resolution 47/188..." builds on an established consensus.
- International Law: Mentioning relevant treaties or conventions gives your resolution immediate weight and legitimacy. Starting a clause with "Guided by the principles of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)..." grounds your entire document in accepted international agreements.
- Expert Reports and Data: Backing up your claims with hard data is crucial. You could write something like, "Alarmed by the findings of the latest FAO report indicating that 65% of the region's productive land is degraded..."
Connecting the ‘Why’ to the ‘What’
A well-crafted preamble is your secret weapon. It doesn't just state facts; it builds momentum. It should lead the reader to one conclusion: the actions you're about to propose are not just reasonable, they are absolutely necessary.
Crafting Actionable and Realistic Operative Clauses

From Vague Ideas to Concrete Actions
- Weak Clause: Encourages the development of educational programs.
- Strong Clause: Requests UNESCO to collaborate with member states to develop and distribute a standardized educational curriculum on conflict resolution for secondary schools, funded through the Global Partnership for Education.
The Power of Sub-Clauses and Sub-Sub-Clauses
1. Decides to establish a monitoring program to track illicit arms transfers in the Horn of Africa, which will:a) Deploy a team of 15 unarmed observers to key border crossings and ports, b) Require member states in the region to submit quarterly reports on arms imports and exports, c) Utilize satellite imagery analysis provided by UNOSAT to identify suspicious shipments;
Staying Grounded in Reality
- Creating New UN Bodies: Proposing a "new special committee" or "brand-new agency" is a rookie move. The UN is a massive, established system. It's far more effective (and realistic) to empower an existing body—like the UNDP, WHO, or UNHCR—with a slightly expanded mandate or more resources to tackle the issue.
- Requesting Unrealistic Funds: Asking for billions of dollars out of thin air will get your clause shot down immediately. Instead, do your research. You can reference existing UN funds, suggest voluntary contributions from member states, or propose public-private partnerships. Showing you understand the UN's financial realities makes your resolution infinitely more persuasive.
Getting the Language and Format Right
Nailing the Punctuation
- Commas for Preambulatory Clauses: Every single preambulatory clause must end with a comma. This helps all the "why" clauses flow together into one long, continuous thought that sets the stage for your solutions.
- Semicolons for Operative Clauses: Each operative clause—except for the very last one—ends with a semicolon. This links all your action points together, showing how they form a single, comprehensive plan.
- A Period at the Very End: The entire resolution concludes with one single period after the final operative clause. That’s it. This final stop signals that your proposal is complete.
A resolution should feel like one powerful, continuous sentence. The preamble builds momentum with commas, leading into a list of actions linked by semicolons, and finally closes with a single, decisive period. Mastering this flow is crucial for the right tone.
Choosing Your Words with Precision
Verb Strength | Example Verbs | When to Use Them |
Soft Power | Suggests, Encourages, Invites | Great for making recommendations or fostering cooperation without forcing anyone's hand. |
Moderate Power | Calls upon, Recommends, Requests | Use these for proposing clear actions that you expect other nations to take seriously. |
Hard Power | Decides, Demands, Condemns | Reserve these for authoritative actions, typically used in the Security Council or to signal very strong conviction. |
Navigating Caucusing and Resolution Mergers

The Art of the Merger
- Find the Crown Jewels: Quickly identify the most unique and powerful ideas from each of the working papers on the table.
- Combine and Polish: Start integrating these key clauses into a fresh document. Pay close attention to making the language and formatting consistent throughout.
- Hammer Out the Details: This is where you’ll debate the finer points. Be ready to argue for your preferred funding mechanism or tweak the wording of a sub-clause to win over a skeptical delegate.
A successful merger isn't about one delegate "winning." It's about skillfully weaving the best ideas from multiple people into a resolution that's stronger, more comprehensive, and has a much better chance of passing than any single paper ever could.
From Draft to Debate
Frequently Asked Questions About Writing Resolutions
Sponsors vs. Signatories: What's the Right Number?
Friendly vs. Unfriendly Amendments
Should I Create a New UN Body?
Proposing the creation of an entirely new UN body is one of the quickest ways to lose credibility. It's generally seen as unrealistic and shows a lack of understanding of the UN's existing structure and budgetary constraints.
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Master your event with our comprehensive MUN conference planning checklist. This guide covers logistics, committees, and operations for a flawless conference.
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Discover 8 actionable marketing strategies for MUN events. Boost delegate registration and engagement with our expert guide for organizers and educators.
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Funding and budgeting for Model UN conferences: Discover actionable tips on fundraising, sponsorships, and smart spending to maximize your team's impact.
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Infectious diseases response strategies guide MUN debaters through surveillance, interventions, and diplomatic negotiations to craft compelling resolutions.
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